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The Joint Chiefs of Staff is the correct answer because this organization is specifically composed of the highest-ranking military officers from each branch of the armed forces. It includes the Chairman and Vice Chairman, who play crucial roles in military strategy and advising the President and Secretary of Defense on military matters. The inclusion of these top positions highlights the Joint Chiefs of Staff's function as a pivotal advisory body in the military hierarchy, ensuring a unified command structure for military operations.

In contrast, the National Guard Bureau focuses on the administration and support of the National Guard, and while it plays an important role in national defense, its structure does not include the Chairman and Vice Chairman. The Department of Defense encompasses a wider array of military and civilian leaders, but it does not have the specific roles of Chairman and Vice Chairman like the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Similarly, Congress, which consists of elected officials, does not incorporate military leadership roles within its structure. Thus, the specific inclusion of the Chairman and Vice Chairman in the Joint Chiefs of Staff is what makes it the correct response.